Title：Tools for Analyzing, Repairing, and Simulating the Brain

　　Speaker： Edward Boyden, PhD

　　Y. Eva Tan Professor in Neurotechnology at MIT

　　Howard Hughes Medical Institute

　　McGovern Institute

　　Professor, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, MIT

　　Time：10:00-11:30 A.M., Thursday, August 15th, 2024

　　Venue：Youcai Deng Hall (#101), Jin-Guang Life Science Building, PKU（北大金光楼邓祐才报告厅）

　　Host: Dr. Yulong Li (李毓龙）

　　Student host：Bohan Li（李柏翰）

　　Abstract

　　Analyzing, repairing, and simulating complex biological systems, such as the brain, require tools for systematically mapping, dynamically observing, and dynamically controlling these systems.  We are discovering new molecular principles to enable such technologies.  For example, we discovered that one can physically magnify biological specimens by synthesizing dense networks of swellable polymer throughout them, and then chemically processing the specimens to isotropically swell them.  This method, which we call expansion microscopy, enables ordinary microscopes to do nanoimaging – important for mapping molecules throughout cells, tissues, and organs.  

　　As a second example, we serendipitously discovered that microbial rhodopsins, genetically expressed in neurons, could enable their electrical activity to be precisely controlled in response to light.  These molecules, now called optogenetic tools, enable causal assessment of how neurons contribute to behaviors and pathological states, and are yielding new candidate treatment strategies for brain diseases.   

　　Finally, we are developing, using new strategies such as robotic directed evolution, fluorescent reporters that enable the precision measurement of signals such as voltage.  In order to reveal relationships between different molecular signals within a cell, we are developing spatial and temporal multiplexing strategies that enable many such signals to be imaged at once in the same living cell. We design all our tools to be easy to use, and we share all our tools as freely as possible. Scientifically, we are focusing on the integrated application of these tools to collect ground truth-oriented data for the worm C. elegans and the larval zebrafish, with the goal of creating biologically accurate computer simulations of entire small brains.